Complex tone with all harmonics mistuned by +6 Hz (left panel) and −6 Hz (center panel) at a SNR of 7.5 dB (Simulation II; same as center panel of Figure 3, but with mistuning). Data presentation is the same as in Figure 3. Mistuning does not affect PM-HLL functionality, but the fundamental frequency estimate is biased on average by +1.21 Hz and −1.39 Hz, respectively. Right panel: Data for a complex tone with missing fundamental (simulation III) shows a similar pattern as the corresponding case of a complex tone with the fundamental present (center panel of Fig. 3). The HNR drops by about 3.4 dB compared to the corresponding case, because the three lowest of in total five harmonics were discarded from the signal.