Empirical data (filled symbols) and model predictions (open symbols) for the spatial unmasking experiment of [76] with a 500-Hz pure tone in the presence of a broadband noise masker. The abscissa represents the azimuth angle (in degrees) of the target signal, and the ordinate represents spatial unmasking in dB. Spatial unmasking was calculated as the difference between detection thresholds of the spatially co-located target and masker and the target location indicated on the abscissa. The three panels represent different masker locations of 0°, 45° and 90°.