Input–output (I/O) curves for pure tones at 500 Hz (panels a–c) and 4000 Hz (panels d–f), at six model CF_n frequencies (see Eq. (3)). Left (a,d): On-frequency simulations, i.e., output of the cochlear filter with the CF tuned to that of the stimulus frequency. Middle (b,e), right (c,f): Off-frequency simulations, one ERB below and above the on-frequency, respectively. The exact simulated on- and off-frequency CFs are indicated in the title of each panel. The filled markers indicate off-CF amplitudes that are also highlighted in the corresponding frequency responses of Figure 4. All I/O curves were shifted vertically by the reference gains given in Table 2 (see the text for details). Literature: Figures 1–3 from [79] and Figure 3 from [12].