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Figure 10

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Top and bottom plots represent respectively the threshold pressures and threshold frequencies given by the locus of the Hopf points (blue) and the locus of the saddle-node bifurcation points (orange) with respect to the lips’ resonance frequency in the case of the B♭-baritone saxhorn. The circles identify the local minimum of blowing pressure for each note, namely the pedal note (PN), the ghost note (GN), and the second regime (R2). In the case of the second Hopf bifurcation, the easiest note playable is given by the minimum of the Hopf points’ locus (blue curve), as its minimal threshold mouth pressure is lower than the one given by the saddle-node bifurcation points’ locus (orange curve). In the case of the first Hopf bifurcation, the locus of the saddle-node bifurcation points (orange curve) shows two local minima, each one corresponding to the ghost note and the pedal note, as both these minima lie lower than the locus of the Hopf points and have a significantly different threshold frequency.

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