Simulation outputs at AN, EI, and decision stages for the same Chinese word “shui” at 60 dB SPL. (A) average spike rates of each ANF bundle along the tonotopic axis for left (blue) and right (red) sides, with azimuth of −60° (left subplot) and 0° (right subplot). (B) Average spike rates across all 980 ANFs for different azimuth angles (left and right AN rate-azimuth tuning curves, in blue and red). (C) spike rate of each EI along the tonotopic axis of the left (blue) and right (red) sides, at azimuth angles of −60° and 0°. (D) average spike rates across 35 EI neurons for different azimuth angles (left and right EI rate-azimuth tuning curves, blue and red) and the corresponding spike rate difference between the right and left hemisphere (green). (E) the normalize rate difference (right y-axis) and the corresponding predicted response azimuth angles (left y-axis) after applying a linear mapping.