Table 1

Measured densities of the 12 wedges (average of the geometric and displacement methods); Values of the Young modulus along the grain EL derived from equation (1), using the measured averaged densities and the sound velocities measured with two methods. The last three lines of each table provide the averages, the standard deviations and the coefficients of variations across the six wedges of the same type. The error values for density were derived from the differences between the two density measurement methods, whereas the values for EL were directly calculated for each sound velocity measurement.

Measured ρ EL derived from sound velocity measured with the first compression mode EL derived from sound velocity measured with Lucchimeter
[kg · m−3] [MPa] [MPa]
Top wedge
 A 381 ± 3 10823 11601
 B 388 ± 3 11771 12989
 C 370 ± 3 11624 12466
 D 374 ± 3 11427 12518
 E 362 ± 3 10814 11571
 F 367 ± 3 11072 11768
 Mean 374 11255 12152
 Standard deviation 9 412 587
 Coefficients of variations 2.3% 3.7% 4.8%
Back wedge
 A 558 ± 5 11139 128617
 B 574 ± 5 12276 15116
 C 568 ± 5 11154 13001
 D 559 ± 5 10777 13018
 E 570 ± 5 10801 12591
 F 574 ± 5 11685 14356
 Mean 567 11306 13491
 Standard deviation 7 578 1006
 Coefficients of variations 1.3% 5.1% 7.5%

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