Table 15.
Velocity measured with the ultrasonic technique on specimens of spruce and maple for violins 16 × 16 × 16 mm with broad-band transducers at 1 MHz frequency [57].
| Wood Species | Density (kg/m3) | Violin sample | Velocities of ultrasonic waves (m/s) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P – compressional waves |
S – shear waves |
|||||||
| V11 = VLL | V22 = VRR | V33 = VTT | V44 = VRT | V55 = VLT | V66 = VLR | |||
Resonance spruce (Picea spp.) |
||||||||
| P. abies | 400 | P1 | 5050 | 2000 | 1500 | 300 | 1425 | 1375 |
| P. rubens | 485 | P3 | 6000 | 2150 | 1600 | 330 | 1240 | 1320 |
| P. sitchensis | 370 | P6 | 5600 | 2150 | 1450 | 300 | 1340 | 1400 |
| P. sitchensis | 437 | P4 | 5481 | 2178 | 1530 | 340 | 1300 | 1487 |
| P. engelmany | 352 | P5 | 5500 | 2225 | 1850 | 325 | 1386 | 1361 |
Fiddle back maple (Acer spp.) |
||||||||
| A. pseudoplatanus | 670 | A7 | 4600 | 2500 | 1870 | 925 | 1529 | 1835 |
| A. platanoides | 740 | A3 | 4940 | 2491 | 1942 | 937 | 1350 | 1698 |
| A. macrophylum | 600 | A6 | 4500 | 2340 | 1550 | 900 | 1340 | 1720 |
| A. saccharinum | 700 | A1 | 4785 | 2376 | 1786 | 653 | 1352 | 1738 |
| A. rubrum | 560 | A2 | 3800 | 2510 | 1850 | 740 | 1450 | 1750 |
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