Ultrasound and Wood Science at the Forestry Research Centre in Nancy, France, for a period of twenty years, between 1979 and 1999

Topical Issue - Development of European Acoustics in 20th Century

Open Access

Table 16.

Diagonal terms of the stiffness matrix deduced from previous velocities for spruce and maple for violins [57].

Species	Density (kg/m³)	Diagonal terms of stiffness matrix (10⁸ N/m²)
Species	Density (kg/m³)	C₁₁	C₂₂	C₃₃	C₄₄	C₅₅	C₆₆
Resonance spruce (Picea spp.)
P. abies	400	102.01	16.00	10.24	0.36	8.12	7.56
P. rubens	485	174.60	22.44	12.42	0.53	7.45	8.46
P. ssitchensis	370	116.03	17.10	7.78	0.33	6.64	7.25
P. sitchensis	437	131.30	20.70	10.23	0.51	7.38	9.65
P. engelmani	352	106.48	17.41	12.04	0.37	6.76	6.52
Fiddle back maple (Acer spp.)
A. pseudoplatanus	670	141.34	41.87	23.43	5.73	15.68	22.56
A.platanoides	740	180.59	46.91	27.90	7.20	13.68	21.34
A macrophylum	600	121.50	32.85	14.42	4.86	10.77	17.75
A. saccharinum	700	160.27	29.52	22.33	2.82	12.79	21.09
A.rubrum	560	80.86	35.28	19.16	3.06	11.77	17.15

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