Table 17.
Off diagonal terms of stiffnesses and compliance of wood for violins [57].
| Off-diagonal terms of stiffness matrix and compliance matrix |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wood Species | Density | ||||||
| Plane 12 | Plane 13 | Plane 23 | Plane 12 | Plane 13 | Plane 23 | ||
| Stiffnesses (108 N/m2) |
Compliances (10−11 N/m2) |
||||||
| (kg/m3) | C12 | C13 | C23 | −S12 | −S13 | −S23 | |
| Spruce (Picea spp.) |
|||||||
| P. abies | 400 | 17.53 | 13.20 | 12.14 | 14.13 | 1.18 | −738.81 |
| P. rubens | 485 | 22.98 | 16.43 | 15.46 | 5.29 | −2.19 | 390.18 |
| P. sitchensis | 370 | 14.97 | 10.20 | 7.57 | 5.13 | 8.21 | 95.75 |
| P. sitchensis | 437 | 27.25 | 22.25 | 13.39 | −5.26 | 13.30 | 425.70 |
| P. engelmani | 352 | 26.91 | 20.79 | 14.11 | −3.79 | 35.24 | 139.00 |
Fiddle back maple (Acer spp.) |
|||||||
| A. Pseudoplatanus | 670 | 32.49 | 30.72 | 18.53 | 3.06 | 10.88 | 25.78 |
| A. platanoides | 740 | 54.17 | 43.70 | 16.26 | 8.79 | 12.37 | 18.25 |
| A. macrophylum | 600 | 43.47 | 32.19 | 20.38 | 1.94 | 5.97 | 19.48 |
| A. saccharinum | 700 | 43.47 | 32.19 | 20.38 | 4.45 | 7.92 | 35.29 |
| A. rubrum | 560 | 11.50 | 14.19 | 12.78 | 2.81 | 15.26 | 39.06 |
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