Table 1

Measured material properties with comparisons to previous works. In the subscripts, L refers to the longitudinal component, T refers to the tangential component, and R refers to the radial component.

Density Young’s modulus
Shear modulus
Poisson’s ratio
Component EL ER ET GLR GRT GLT ν LR ν RT ν LT
Units kg m−3 MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa
Spruce (fitted) 402 12,000 925 737 695 217 653 0.38 0.51 0.50
Spruce (from [22]) 400 11,900 927 511 760 36 725 0.37 0.44 0.47
Spruce (from [24]) 440 12,840 1000 650 978 46 790 0.37 0.48 0.4
Maple (fitted) 586 9100 1329 1147 1475 425 842 0.49 0.66 0.65
Maple (From [24]) 640 12,200 1820 1060 1375 430 1010 0.38 0.65 0.45

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.