Uncertainty and environmental effects in outdoor firearm noise propagation

Open Access

Table 3.

List of contributions to Type B uncertainties.

Source of uncertainty	Notes	Value (half-width x)	Conversion to [dB]	Statistical distribution	Standard uncertainty u [dB]
Condenser microphone
Sensitivity	Manufacturer’s	0.08 [dB]	NA	Rectangular	0.046
frequency response¹	data	1 [dB]	NA	Rectangular	0.57
Instrumentation
Laser meter	Manufacturer’s data	0.15 [mm]	$max(\| 20 log (\frac{d + x}{d}) \|, \| 20 log (\frac{d - x}{d}) \|)$ $max(\|20\log(\frac{d + x}{d})\|,\|20\log(\frac{d - x}{d})\|)$	Rectangular	≈0
Compass	Manufacturer’s data	2°	$max(\| 20 log (\frac{θ + x}{θ}) \|, \| 20 log (\frac{θ - x}{θ}) \|)$ $max(\|20\log(\frac{\theta + x}{\theta})\|, \|20\log(\frac{\theta - x}{\theta})\|)$	Rectangular	0.13²
Environment³
Temperature
Pressure
Humidity	[10, 21]	3 [dB]	NA	Rectangular	1.73
Wind

¹10 [Hz]–25 [kHz]. ² θ = 81°. ³Average conditions.

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