Open Access
Table 4.
Performance comparison of transducers.
| Transducer type | Cavityshape | −3 dBbeamwidth | Max TVRwithin BW(dB) | Center frequency(kHz) | −3 dB Operating BW (kHz) | BWImprovement |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present transducer | Circles | 40.89° | 143.7 | 29 | 24 | – |
| Transducer 1 [3] | – | – | 146.5 | 21 | 13 | 84.6% |
| Transducer 2 [11] | – | – | 147 | 12 | 10 | 140% |
| Transducer 3 [16] | – | – | 138.6 | 4.9 | 7 | 242.9% |
| Transducer 4 [21] | – | – | 138 | 40 | 11.5 | 108.7% |
| Transducer 5 [26] | Through hole | 41.78° | 141 | 27.4 | 8.7 | 175.9% |
| Transducer 6 [27] | Tapered hole | – | 134 | 24 | 8.1 | 196.3% |
| Transducer 7 [44] | – | 82.5° | 138 | 20 | 8.5 | 182.4% |
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