Comparison of fundamental pitch ranges between bass-oriented (D3-F#4) and treble-oriented (G4-A4) kemenche samples. Bass-group instruments predominantly use ivy/plum (91%), while treble-oriented instruments employ denser woods (100% mulberry/mahogany). Mode 1 frequencies (mean ∼60 Hz) do not differ significantly between groups (p = 0.12) and serve as structural indicators rather than direct enhancement mechanisms. Error bars represent standard deviations.