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Table 1.
Comparative overview of UAV detection modalities.
| Detection method | Advantages | Limitations |
|---|---|---|
| Radar | Long detection range; works in all weather conditions; provides speed and range estimation. | Limited detection of small or non-metallic drones; high cost; high false alarms in cluttered areas. |
| RF | Detects control and telemetry signals; enables drone identification; suitable for cooperative targets. | Ineffective against autonomous or encrypted UAVs; susceptible to frequency hopping; limited range. |
| Optical/Infrared | High spatial resolution; visual confirmation possible; effective for target recognition. | Strongly affected by weather, lighting, and occlusions; high computational load. |
| Acoustic | Passive and covert; low cost; independent of lighting and RF environment; suitable for low-altitude detection. | Limited range; sensitive to environmental noise and wind; affected by reverberation. |
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