Table 1

Calculation of the localized constants C_d, C_u, L_u, L_rad, R_h, L_h, L_dis and included in the EA model. ρ₀ = 1.2 kg m⁻³ is the air density, c₀ = 343 m s⁻¹ is the sound speed and μ = 1.8313 × 10⁻⁵ Pa s is the air dynamic viscosity. H(α) represents the correction factor of the discontinuity mass L_dis as a function of α, the ratio of the hole and the EC entrance radius, and can be approximated by H(α) ≈ 1 − 1.25α for α ≪ 1 [18].